I. MARKETS - WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW DO THEY WORK?

I. MARKETS - WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW DO THEY WORK?

There are hundreds of different financial assets to trade, across several categories: stocks, commodities, currencies, crypto assets, indices and ETFs. Each asset class has its own characteristics and can be traded using a variety of trading strategies. Below we will go into more detail about each category. Some positions involve ownership of underlying assets, such as long (BUY), non-leveraged positions on stocks and cryptos. Others employ CFDs, which enable a variety of options, such as leveraged trades, short (SELL) positions, fractional ownership and more.

1. Stocks

The stock market is dynamic and presents many options for traders. Stocks are usually considered suitable for medium- to long-term investments. Each stock is affected by different market events and could go up or down in value following announcements such as earnings reports, new product launches, and changes in competitors’ stock prices.

For example, if a smartphone manufacturer receives negative press following a malfunction in one of its product series, it is possible that its direct competitors’ share prices will rise. Companies that make profits often share dividends with their shareholders at a fixed payment per share.

Buying a stock by opening a Long (BUY), non-leveraged position, means you are investing in the underlying asset, and the stock is purchased and held in your name.

However, some brokers also offer additional functions using CFD trading. With CFDs, you can open Short (SELL) positions, use leverage, and buy fractional shares. For example, you can invest as little as $100 in a stock that actually costs $500.

At OLTO we track popular stocks including:

Apple (AAPL) | Tesla (TSLA) | Google (GOOGL) | Facebook (FB) | Amazon (AMZN)

Discover the full list of financial instruments which we track at OLTO

2. Commodities

Trading commodities is one of the most ancient trading practices in the world, dating back thousands of years. Commodities are unique, given that they have a real-world physical representation. Whether it’s an energy source, such as oil, or a precious metal like gold or platinum, commodities exist in the real world and, therefore, are also affected by real-world events.

For example, if oil reservoirs are in surplus, it is likely that prices will drop accordingly. In addition, some commodities are considered safe-haven assets, meaning they can add stability to a portfolio that consists of highly volatile assets. For example, many foreign currency traders turn to gold futures when the market becomes too volatile, as gold prices are more stable overall, while still relating to the foreign exchange market.

Commodities that trade as CFDs mean you don’t need to purchase the underlying asset to trade them. In addition, CFDs enable Short (SELL) positions, leveraged trades, and fractional ownership – even for assets that don’t offer the option in traditional trading. For example, you can invest as little as $100 in gold, even if a single unit of gold costs $1,000.

At OLTO we track popular commodities including:

Gold | Oil | Natural Gas | Silver | Platinum

Discover the full list of financial instruments which we track at OLTO

3. Currencies

The foreign currency exchange market is the biggest market in the world, with a trading volume average of more than $5 trillion a day. It is also an incredibly volatile market, with changes happening within a matter of seconds.

Since it is such a dynamic market, currency traders are usually very active, sometimes opening and closing trades within minutes. Movement in currency is measured in very small units, known as “pips” (0.0001), and require substantial capital to generate noticeable profits.

For this reason, most trading platforms offer leveraged transactions at a fixed ratio. For example, if the ratio is set to 1:100, then for each $1 invested, the platform loans the trader an additional $99. Leveraging is considered a double-edged sword, since losses are also leveraged, and can result in funds depleting rapidly.

Each currency is affected by various factors, including central banks’ interest rate decisions, a certain country’s export statistics, and other economic events.

Currencies that trade as CFDs mean you don’t need to purchase the underlying asset to trade them. In addition, CFDs enable Short (SELL) positions and leveraged trades – even for assets that don’t offer the option in traditional trading.

At OLTO we track popular currencies including:

EUR/USD | GBP/USD | AUD/USD | USD/JPY | USD/CAD

Discover the full list of financial instruments which we track at OLTO

4. Crypto assets

Growing incredibly in popularity in recent years, crypto assets, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, have become the go-to investment option for many traders.

Crypto assets display extremely high volatility, and it is quite common to see double-digit percentage fluctuations in a single day. Bitcoin, which is the first and largest crypto, is considered to be the benchmark for this market, and other assets’ charts often move in the same direction as Bitcoin.

Buying crypto means you are investing in the underlying asset. These trades are unleveraged. Buying and selling the underlying assets are unregulated and have no investor protection.

At OLTO we track popular cryptocurrencies including:

Bitcoin (BTC) | Ethereum (ETH) | Bitcoin Cash (BCH) | Cardano (ADA) | XRP

Discover the full list of financial instruments which we track at OLTO

5. Indices

Every major stock market around the world has an index, or several indices, which reflect the status of a specific segment of that market. Indices are considered more stable than individual stocks since they contain many different assets which tend to balance each other out.

For example, the NASDAQ index on Wall Street aggregates major companies from the tech sector, such as Apple and Google, and since it contains rival companies, if one falls, sometimes its competitor will rise, maintaining the index’s overall balance.

Since companies vary in size and market cap, each stock has a different effect on the index, meaning some carry more weight. For example, since Apple has more weight than smaller companies within the NASDAQ index, if Apple’s stock rises significantly, it could lift the entire index’s value.

Indices that trade as CFDs are not financial assets that can be directly invested in. With a CFD, you can open Long (BUY) or Short (SELL) positions and open leveraged trades.

At OLTO we track popular indices including:

GER30 | NSDQ100 | DJ30 | SPX500 | FRA40

Discover the full list of financial instruments which we track at OLTO

6. ETFs

An Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) is a financial instrument comprising several assets grouped together to serve as one tradable fund. Each ETF follows a certain market strategy or index and is designed to either suit the hedging needs of a specific financial institution or to be a low-risk option for investors.

ETFs are created by financial bodies using a team of experts who tailor each fund to meet its goal. The assets in the fund are owned by its creators, and just like stocks, dividends can be distributed to investors from time to time. ETFs are usually considered long-term investment tools, as they are geared towards low risk, and are designed to yield steady profits over time.

Investing in ETFs by opening a Long (BUY), non-leveraged position, means you are investing in the underlying asset, and the ETF is purchased and held in your name. However, some brokers also offer additional functions using CFD trading. With CFDs, you can open Short (SELL) positions, use leverage, and buy fractional shares. For example, you can invest as little as $250 in an ETF that actually costs $500.

At OLTO we track popular ETFs including:

SPY | VXXB | TLT | HMMJ | QQQ

Discover the full list of financial instruments which we track at OLTO